PHYSICS SUBJECT FILE
TOPICS
FORCE AND ENERGY
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
IONISATION AND RADIO ACTIVITY
WAVES
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
FORCE AND ENERGY
Outline of the syllabus
1. Motion
2. Force:
3. Force and Motion
4. Turning affects of forces:.
5. Energy sources and changes:
6. Energy Transfer:
7. Power:
8. Pressure:
Sample Exam Questions
2004
3. Two forces of 5N and 12 N act on a body at right angles. Find their resultant.
A. 7N
B. 13N
C. 17N
D. 169N.
5. A car of mass 1200 kg moving with a constant velocity of 60ms-1 is related uniformly to rest in12 s. Calculate the retarding force.
A. (1200 x 12) N
B. (1200 x 5) N
C. (1200 x 10) N
D. (1200 x 60) N
9. Which of the following is the correct order of energy changes or conversions in a
generator?
A. Heat energy in cylinder Kinetic energy in pistons electrical energy.
B. Chemical energy from fuel Heat energy in cylinders kinetic energy in
pistons rotational kinetic energy in the dynamo Electrical
energy.
C. Chemical energy Rotational kinetic energy in the dynamo rotational
kinetic energy in pistons Electrical energy.
D. Electrical energy Rotational kinetic energy in dynamo Rotational
kinetic energy in pistons sound energy.
27. The purpose of treads on tyres is to make them.
A. attractive.
B. stronger
C. reduce friction.
D. Grip the road surface.
2. (a) Define the term velocity ratio as applied to machines.( 01 mark)
(b) The graph in figure 1 shows how load varies with effort in an experiment using a single string pulley system of velocity ratio 5.
For a load of 450 N, find the
(i) effort.
(ii) mechanical advantage.
(iii) efficiency.
(c ) A block and tackle pulley system has two pulleys in the lower block and three in the upper block. Sketch
(i) the diagram of this pulley system.
(ii) a graph showing the variation of mechanical advantage with load.
(iii) Explain why the efficiency of such a pulley system is Less than 100%
(d) Name any two uses of the type of pulley drawn in (c) (i).
2005
1. When a car is suddenly brought to rest, a passenger jerks forward because of
A. inertia.
B. friction.
C. gravity.
D. momentum.
10. A body moves with uniform acceleration if
A. its momentum remains constant.
B. it covers equal distances in equal times.
C. the velocity changes by equal amount in equal times.
D. the net force on the body is zero.
12. Force is given by the product of
A. displacement and velocity.
B. displacement and mass.
C. acceleration and mass.
D. velocity and mass.
13. A cyclist travelling at a constant acceleration of 2 ms-2 passes through two points A and B in a straight line. If the speed at A is 10 ms-1 and the points are 75 m apart, find the speed at B.
A. 15.8 MS-1
B. 17.3 MS-1
C. 20.0 MS-1
D. 400.0 MS-1
1. (a) State Hooke’s law of elasticity.
(b) Different loads, w, are applied to the end of an elastic wire and the corresponding extension, e, of the wire recorded.
(i) Sketch a labelled graph of e against w.
(ii) Describe briefly the features of the graph in (b) (i).
(c) A spring of natural length 5.0 x 10-2 m extends by 2.0 x 10-3 m when a force of 1.8 N acts on it. Calculate the extension when a force of 10N is applied to the spring.
(d) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the existence of surface tension
Paper 2 2006
(b) A block of mass 50 kg is pulled from rest along a horizontal surface by a
rope tied to one face of the block as shown in Figure 1.
The tension in the rope is 220 N. The frictional force between the block and the horizontal surface is 120 N.
Calculate the distance moved by the block in 4.0 s.
What is the reaction of the surface on the block?
Compare the work done by the tension in the tension in the rope during the 4.0 s interval with kinetic energy gained
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
9. Characteristics of material
11. Thermal properties of matter:
12. Mechanical properties of materials:
Sample Exam Questions
2004
10. A meal rod gains a positive charge when rubbed with fabric. The fabric acquires.
A. no charge.
B. a negative charge equal to that on the rod.
C. a positive charge equal to that on the rod.
D. a positive charge greater than that on the rod.
11.The transfer of heat by the actual movement of molecules of matter takes place
A. only in liquids.
B. only in gases.
C. in solids and liquids.
D. in liquids and gases.
15. In a liquid , pressure is
A. transmitted in a specific direction.
B. Transmitted in all directions.
C. Decrease with depth.
D. Decreased with density.
17. A set of apparatus that is suitable for measurement of the volume of an irregular
object includes:
A. Overflow can, measuring cylinder, irregular object and string.
B. Measuring cylinder, irregular object, overflow can, flask.
C. Overflow can, irregular object, string, retort stand and burette.
D. Burette, overflow can. irregular object, string, measuring cylinder, retort stand.
3. (a) Define specific latent heat of vaporization.
(b) A calorimeter of mass 35.0 g and specific heat capacity 840 J kg –1 k-1 Contains 143.0g of water 7oC. Dry steam at 100o C is bubbled through the water in the calorimeter until the temperature of the water rises to 29oC. If the mass of steam which condenses is 5.6 g,
(i) calculate the heat gained by water and calorimeter.
(ii) obtain an expression for the heat lost by the steam in condensing at 100o and in cooling to 29Oc.
(iii) find the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
(c ) Explain, in terms of molecules, what is meant by a saturated vapour.
(d) Describe briefly one application of evaporation.
2005
3. The mode of transfer of heat between the boiler and the storage tank of a hot water supply system is
conduction
convention
evaporation.
4. A rectangular block of tin is 0.5 m long and 0.01 m think. Find the width of the
block if its mass and density are 0.45 kg and 9000 kg m-3 respectively.
B. m
D. m
7. A cork held under water rises to the surface when released because the upthrust it is
A. greater than the weight.
B. less than the weight.
C. equal to the weight.
D. equal to the weight of water displaced.
42 (a ) What is meant by mass of a body?
(b) (i) A body whose weight in air is 52N experiences an up thrust of 12N in a fluid. Find its apparent weight.
(ii) What happens to the weight of the body at a much higher altitude?
2. (a) (i) Describe the fixed points of a Celsius scale of temperature.
(ii) Give two advantages of mercury over alcohol as a thermometric liquid.
(iii) Convert – 2000C to Kelvins.
(b) Use the kinetic theory to explain the following:
(i) cooling by evaporation.
(ii) Why the temperature of a gas contained in a cylinder increases when it is compressed.
(c) Explain briefly the transfer of thermal energy by conduction in metals.
Paper 2 2006
(b) (i) Explain why one feels more pain when pricked with a needle than when pricked with a nail.
(c) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain how a force pump works.
8. (a) (i) Define latent heat of fusion.
(ii) Describe with aid of a labelled diagram , an experiment to show the effect
of increase in pressure on the melting point of ice.
(iii) If the melting point of lead is 327 0C, find the amount of heat required to
melt 200 g of lead initially at 27 0C.
(b) What is meant by the terms:
(i) temperature,
(ii) heat?
(c) The fundamental interval of mercury in glass is 192 mm.
Find the temperature in degrees Celsius when the mercury thread is 67.2
mm long.
(d) State two physical properties which change with temperature.
IONIZATION AND RADIOACTIVITY.
13. Electrons:
14. The nuclear model of the atom:
15. Radioactivity
Sample Exam Questions
2004
20. The following equation represents part of a radioactive series.Th X + Radiation.
90
Substance X and the radiation in the equation above are
Pa and gamma
90
B. 234
Th and beta.
90
C. 234
Th and gamma
90
D. 234
Pa and beta.
90
23. Streams of electrons moving at high speed are called
A. x-rays.
B. gamma rays
C. cathode rays.
D. alpha particles.
30. A radioactive sample of 16 g has a half-life of 6 days. How much of it will be left after 24 days?
A. 1 g
B. 4 g
C. 32 g
D. 48 g
32. An atom contains 3 electrons, 3 protons and 4 neutrons. Its nucleon number is
A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
43. (a) what is meant by:
(i) mass number?
(ii) atomic number?
(b) Name any two radiations emitted by radioactive substances.
2005
33.
Fig 7
Figure 7 shows a beam of electrons incident mid way between two charged metal plates. Which of the following is correct? The beam
is deflected towards the negative plate.
moves perpendicular to the plates.
passes through the plates undeflected.
36. The half life of a radioactive element is 2 minutes. What fraction of the initial
mass is left after 8 minutes?
A. ½
B. ¼
C. 1/8
D. 1/16
48.
Fig 11.
(a) Figure 11 shows the main parts of a cathode ray oscilloscope.
Name the parts labelled P, Q, R, and T.
(b) State the functions of parts labelled Q and T.
8. (a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the main bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(b) (i) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how x-rays are produced in an x-ray tube.
(ii) State two applications of x-rays.
(c) The half–life of a radioactive substance is 3 h. Find how long it takes for
the mass of the substance to reduce to one-quarter of its original mass.
Paper 2 2006
6. (a) (i) Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission
(ii) State one example where nuclear fusion occurs naturally.
The following nuclear reaction takes place when a neutron bombards a sulphur atom.
S + n Y
16 0 b
The nuclide, Y, decays by emission of an a- particle and a y – ray. Find the changes in mass number and atomic number of the nuclide.
The half-life of the isotope cobalt-60 is five years. What fraction of the isotope
two ways of minimising the hazardous effects of radiation from radioactive materials.
WAVES
16. Characteristics of waves on ropes, springs and water:
17. Behavior of sound waves.
18. Behavior of light.
19. The electromagnetic spectrum:
Sample Exam Questions
2004
12. Which of the following can be detected by an ordinary antema?
A. Microwaves
B. Infra-red rays
C. Ultra violet rays
D. Gamma rays.
14. A pin is placed in front of a convex lens at a distance less than the focal length of
the lens. What type of image is formed?
A. Real, inverted, diminished.
B. Virtual, erect, magnified.
C. Real, erect, diminished.
D. Virtual, inverted, magnified.
16. A man standing in front of a tall wall makes aloud sound and hears the echo after
1 ½ s. How far is he from the wall if the velocity of sound in air is 330ms-1?
A. 110m
B. 247.5m
C. 440m
D. 990m.
18. The number of vibrations a wave makes in one second is the
A. frequency.
B. wavelength
C. period
D. amplitude.
7. (a) (i) Define an echo.
(ii) State the conditions required for a stationary wave to be formed
(b) List the factors on which the frequency of a wave in a vibrating string depends
(c) Describe an experiment to demonstrate resonance in a closed pipe
(d) A child stands between two cliffs and makes a loud sound. If it hears the first echo after 1.5 s and the second echo after 2.0 s, find the distance between the two cliffs.
[Speed of sound in air = 320 ms-1]
2005
14. A vibrator produces a sound wave that travels 900m in 3s. if the wavelength of
the wave is 10 m, find the frequency of the vibrator.
A. 30Hz
B. 270Hz
C. 300Hz
D. 3000 Hz.
29. A concave mirror can be used as a shaving mirror because when an object is placed between the focus and the pole, the image formed is
A. magnified, virtual and erect.
B. magnified, real and inverted.
C. diminished, real and inverted
D. diminished, virtual and erect.
40. An object is placed 30cm in front of plane mirror. If the mirror is moved a
distance of 6 cm towards the object, find the distance between the object and its
image.
A. 24 cm
B. 36 cm
C. 48 cm
D. 60 cm
41.
Fig.8
Figure 8 shows a ray of light incident on a semi-circular glass block of centre C.
(a) Why is the ray not deviated?
(b) Calculate the value of angle 0 if the refractive index of glass is 1.52.
7. (a) Explain with the aid of a ray diagram, the formation of umbra and penumbra
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the action of a converging lens as a magnifying glass.
(c) (i) State any three effects of electromagnetic radiation on matter
(ii) State two properties that electromagnetic waves have in common.
(d) A radio wave of wavelength 330 m is transmitted at a frequency of 908 kHz. Find its velocity.
Paper 2 2006
5. (a) Define the following terms as applied to waves:
(i) amplitude
(b) (i) what is meant by interference of waves?
(ii) Using a labelled diagram, show how circular water waves are reflected from
a straight barrier.
(c) (i) Use a labelled diagram to show the bands of an electromagnetic spectrum.
7. (a) Explain the term virtual image as applied to optics.
(b) With aid of a ray diagram, explain why a convex mirror is used as a driving mirror.
(c) An object is placed 15.0 cm in front of a concave mirror. An upright image of magnification four is produced. By graphical method, determine the:
(i) nature of the image.
(ii) focal length of the mirror
(iii) distance of the image from the mirror.
(e) Name two applications of a concave mirror.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
20. Electrostatics:
21. Magnetism and electro magnetic effects:
22. Electric potential difference and current:
23. Electromagnetic induction:
24. Electricity supply:
Sample Exam Questions
2004
2. An electric lamp is marked 120 W, 240 V. What does 120 W mean?
A. Total energy consumed by the lamp.
B. Rate at which energy is consumed.
C. Total current flowing through the lamp.
D. Potential difference across the lamp.
4. A moving coil galvanometer can be used to
A. Measure a direct current.
B. Convert alternating current into direct current.
C. Convert direct current to alternating current.
D. Measure the peak value of an alternating current.
4. (a) (i) what is a magnetic field?
(ii) state the law of magnetism
(b) (i) Explain with the aid of diagrams, how a steel bar can be magnetised by the single touch method.
(ii) Sketch the magnetic field pattern around two bar magnets Whose north poles face each other.
(c) with the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how a simple a.c. generator works.
5. (a) What is meant by a conductor and an insulator? Give an example of each.
(b) (i) Explain briefly how you can charge a conductor negatively by induction.
(ii) Describe how it can be confirmed that the conductor in (b) (i) is negatively charged.
(c) Explain the action of a lightning conductor.
2005
2. The direction of induced current in a conductor moving in a magnetic field can be predicted by applying
A. Faraday’s law.
B. Maxwell’s screw rule.
C. Fleming’s left hand rule.
D. Fleming’s right hand rule.
5. A charged conductor usually loses charge gradually by a process called
A. induction
B. insulation
C. conduction
D. leakage.
43. (a) Sketch a p.d versus current graph for an ohmic resistor.
(b) State one example of a non- ohmic conductor.
(c) Find the voltage across a 3W resistor if a current of 4A passes through it.
46. (a) What is a soft magnetic material?
(b) State two ways in which a bar magnet can be demagnetised.
(c)
Fig 9.
Figure 9 shows a straight conductor carrying current between the poles of a permanent magnet. Sketch on the diagram above the resultant magnetic field pattern.
Paper 2 2006
(b) Draw a diagram to show the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet placed in the earth’s field with the north pole of the magnet pointing to the earth’s magnetic south.
(c) (i) what is electromagnet?
(d)
Describe what happens to the compass needle, C, as it is moved closer to the bar magnet along the dotted line shown in figure 2.
4. (a) Define the following terms:
electrical resistance.
(b) List ways by which the life of an accumulator can be prolonged.
(c)
Fig.3
(d) State three advantages of an alternating current over a direct current in power
transmission.
(e) Sketch the current versus voltage variation for a semi conductor diode.
UGANDA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD
Uganda Certificate of Education
PHYSICS
Paper 2
2 hours 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Attempt any five questions.
Mathematical tables slide rules and silent non-programmable calculators may be
used.
These values of physical quantities may be useful to you.
Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s-2
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 K-1
Specific heat capacity of copper = 400 J kg-1 K-1
Specific latent heat of fusion of water = 340000 J kg-1
Speed of sound in air = 320 m s-1
© 2005 Uganda National Examination Board
Turn Over
2
1. (a) State Hooke’s law of elasticity. (01 mark)
(b) Different loads, w, are applied to the end of an elastic wire and the
corresponding extension, e, of the wire recorded.
(i) Sketch a labelled graph of e against w. (03 marks)
(ii) Describe briefly the features of the graph in (b) (i). (02 marks)
(c) A spring of natural length 5.0 x 10-2 m extends by 2.0 x 10-3 m when a force of
1.8 N acts on it.
Calculate the extension when a force of 10N is applied to the spring.
(06marks)
(d) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the existence of surface tension.
(04 marks)
2. (a) (i) Describe the fixed points of a Celsius scale of temperature. (02 marks)
(ii) Give two advantages of mercury over alcohol as a thermometric liquid.
(02 marks)
(iii) Convert – 2000C to Kelvins. (01 mark)
(b) Use the kinetic theory to explain the following:
(i) cooling by evaporation. (05 marks)
(ii) Why the temperature of a gas contained in a cylinder increases
when it is compressed. (03 marks)
(c) Explain briefly the transfer of thermal energy by conduction in metals.
(02 marks)
3
3.
Fig.1
(a) A cable is connected to a centre-zero galvanometer, G, as shown in
Figure 1.
(i) State what is observed when the N- pole of a bar magnet is moved
towards the cable (01 mark)
(ii) State two ways in which the effect observed in (a) (i) can be
increased. (02 marks)
(b) (i) With the aid of a labelled diagram describe how a simple a.c.
generator works. (05 marks)
(ii) Sketch the variation of the voltage from an a.c. generator and use it
to define the terms peak value and period. (04 marks)
(c) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how full wave rectification
can be obtained using four diodes. (04 marks)
4. (a) Describe how you would use a gold leaf electroscope to determine the sign of
the charge on a given charged body. (05 marks)
(b) Explain how an insulator gets charged by rubbing. (03marks)
(c) Sketch the electric field pattern between a charged point and a metal plate.
(02 marks)
4
(d) Describe how a lightning conductor safeguards a tall building from being
struck by lightning. (06marks)
5. (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of energy. (01 mark)
(ii) Illustrate the principle in (a) (i) with reference to a simple pendulum in a
vacuum. (04 marks)
(b) A ball of mass 0.30 kg falls from rest at a height of 4.0 m onto a horizontal
surface and rebounds to a height of 2.0 m.
(i) Find the kinetic energy just before the ball hits the surface; and just after
the collision. Explain the difference between the two energies. (06marks).
(ii) What is its initial momentum? (05 marks)
6. (a) State any two differences between sound and light waves. (02 marks)
(b) (i) Describe a simple experiment to determine the velocity of sound in air.
(04marks)
(ii) Explain why the speed of sound is higher in solids than in air. (03 marks)
(c) Two people X and Y stand in a line at distances of 330 m and 660 m
respectively from a high wall. Find the time interval taken for X to hear the first
and second sounds when Y makes a loud sound.
(Speed of sound in air = 330 ms-1)
(03 marks)
(d) (i) What is meant by a stationary wave? (01 mark)
(ii). Give any two conditions. (02 marks)
5
(iii) Name one musical instrument which produces stationary waves.(01marks)
7. (a) Explain with the aid of a ray diagram, the formation of umbra and penumbra
(06 marks)
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the action of a converging lens as a magnifying
glass. (02 marks)
(c) (i) State any three effects of electromagnetic radiation on matter (03 marks)
(ii) State two properties that electromagnetic waves have in common.
(02 marks)
(d) A radio wave of wavelength 330 m is transmitted at a frequency of 908 kHz.
Find its velocity. (03 marks)
8. (a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the main bands of the electromagnetic
spectrum. (03 marks)
(b) (i) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how x-rays are produced
in
an x-ray tube. (08 marks)
(ii) State two applications of x-rays. (02 marks)
(c) The half–life of a radioactive substance is 3 h. Find how long it takes for
the mass of the substance to reduce to one-quarter of its original mass.
(03 marks)
END
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